The prevalence of HIV infection and AIDS has increased steadily in all demographic groups since the epidemic began, yet data show that minorities and lower-income populations are disproportionately affected by HIV disease. Nutritional adequacy in all populations is an often overlooked area in the progression of HIV disease, despite the fact that the relationship between poor nutritional status and impaired immune response is well established. It can be hypothesized that minorities and lower-income individuals are likely to have poorer nutritional habits.

The objective of a recent investigation was to determine the correlates of reduced and inadequate nutrient intakes in a large, clinically and socioeconomically diverse cohort of HIV-infected adults. Researchers also sought to determine the extent to which dietary inadequacy is correlated with clinical symptoms, economic inability to procure foods, and lack of health awareness. The Nutrition for Healthy Living (NFHL) is a longitudinal study of wasting in HIV disease. Since the initiation of the study in 1995, 679 HIV-positive participants have enrolled. The data pertaining to this investigation were obtained from two baseline clinical visits per participant. The visits consisted of a physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and administration of several questionnaires on clinical status, physical activity, alternative health treatments, and quality of life. At the first visit, each subject was given a 3-day diet record that was to be completed and returned at the second baseline visit. Dietary intakes were measured as absolute intakes and also as percentages of the US recommended dietary allowances (RDAs). Supplement use was included in all nutrient calculations. The adequacy of energy intake was determined by comparing each subject’s energy intake with the energy needed to sustain minimal physical activity as determined through indirect calorimetry.